> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.libnova.com/labdrive/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.libnova.com/labdrive/data-curation-and-preservation-1/preservation-activities/adding-representation-information/semantic-representation-information.md).

# Semantic Representation Information

There are many ways to provide Semantic RepInfo including:

* a text document  which provides a human interpretable definition of the elements, for example a specific version of the [PREMIS data dictionary](https://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/v3/premis-3-0-final.pdf);
* a  formal dictionary in an XML format, for example the [definition of iCalendar](http://xml.coverpages.org/IETF-RFC-6321-xCal.txt) and many other examples in <http://xml.coverpages.org/index.html>;
* a formal dictionary in another format;
* ontologies defining properties of and relationships between terms.

Such Semantic Representation Information may be used, for example, to define the units and means of columns in a spreadsheet, which are necessary for the data in that spreadsheet to be used in a way which makes sense i.e. one does not accidentally add apples to oranges.

### Tools to create Semantic Representation Information

* text editors such as notepad.exe (MS Windows) or vi (GNU/Linux), ideally adopting some appropriate format;
* &#x20;ontology tools such as Protege (see <https://www.w3.org/wiki/Ontology_editors> for others)